ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Hydatid cyst is a parasitic infestation caused by Echinococcus larvae. Hydatid cyst of the ovary is a highly unusual presentation. Herein, we present a case of a young woman who complained of episodic lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed a multi-cystic left adnexal mass measuring 86 mm x 67 mm. A possibility of ovarian cystic neoplasm was suggested. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. On histopathological examination, a cyst measuring 8.0 x 5.5 x 4.5 cm was found, replacing the entire ovary. The cyst cavity was filled with serous fluid and multiple pearly white membranous structures, giving a multiloculated appearance. Microscopic examination showed a cyst lined by a lamellar membrane containing protoscolices and hooklets. Hydatid disease is a zoonotic ailment caused by tapeworms (Echinococcus granulosus or, less commonly, Echinococcus multilocularis). The definitive hosts are carnivores. Humans are the accidental intermediate hosts. The hydatid cyst commonly affects the liver and the lungs. The primary hydatid cyst of the ovary is quite rare, with few case reports in the literature. In most cases, symptoms are vague, and the lesion is misdiagnosed as benign or malignant ovarian cystic neoplasm on clinical and radiological examination. Ovarian hydatid cyst is treated by surgery with ovarian cystectomy as the gold standard. The possibility of a hydatid cyst should be kept under differential diagnoses while evaluating the cystic diseases of the ovary.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: More than 50% of pregnant women experience dizziness frequently in the first two gestational trimesters. During pregnancy, the changes in the metabolism of hormones are responsible for the ovarian cycle resulting in either peripheral or central vestibular alterations. The need for the study is to focus on the effect of changes during pregnancy on the vestibular evoked myogenic potential, an electrophysiological measure that investigates functions of the otolith structures. Objectives: The aim is to investigate the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses during the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A total of 17 pregnant women and 17 non-pregnant women with age matched took part in this study. The cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential were recorded from the ipsilateral sternocleridomastoid muscle and the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential were recorded from contralateral extraocular muscle in both groups. Results: Peak to peak amplitude of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential was found to be significantly reduced in the responses obtained from first-trimester pregnant women when compared to that of non-pregnant women. Conclusions: Vestibular evoked myogenic potential tests exhibits a clinically significant reduced peak to peak amplitude in the first trimester of pregnancy, which indicates dysfunction in the otolith reflex pathway.
Resumo Introdução: Mais de 50% das mulheres grávidas apresentam tonturas frequentes nos primeiros dois trimestres da gravidez. Durante a gestação, as mudanças no metabolismo dos hormônios são responsáveis pelo ciclo ovariano, resultam em alterações vestibulares periféricas ou centrais. A necessidade do estudo é enfocar o efeito das mudanças durante a gravidez sobre o potencial evocado miogênico vestibular, uma medida eletrofisiológica que investiga as funções das estruturas otolíticas. Objetivo: Investigar as respostas do potencial evocado miogênico vestibular no primeiro trimestre da gravidez. Método: Participaram deste estudo 17 mulheres grávidas e 17 não grávidas com idades pareadas. O potencial evocado miogênico vestibular cervical foi registrado a partir do músculo esternocleidomastóideo ipsilateral e o potencial evocado miogênico vestibular ocular foi registrado a partir do músculo extraocular contralateral em ambos os grupos. Resultados: A amplitude pico a pico do potencial evocado miogênico vestibular cervical e do potencial evocado miogênico vestibular ocular estava significativamente reduzida nas respostas obtidas de mulheres grávidas no primeiro trimestre de gestação quando comparadas a de mulheres não grávidas. Conclusão: Os testes de potencial evocado miogênico vestibular mostram uma redução clinicamente significativa na amplitude pico a pico no primeiro trimestre da gravidez, o que indica disfunção na via otolítica reflexa.